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MD5 considered insecure?
There is reason to suspect that MD5 will not be secure for very much
longer. Enclosed below, with permission, is a short note by Hans Dobbertin
on a partial cryptanalysis of MD5. We should seriously consider making
SHA and/or RIPEMD-160 a mandatory-to-implement transform as well, in my
opinion.
--Steve Bellovin
P.S. My thanks to David Wagner for showing me this paper.
----
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b Fg(X)1477 565 y Fk(15)1524 559 y Fo(=)12 b Fe(0x6B72746A)340
658 y Fo(Th)o(e)k(s)q(econ)o(d)h(inpu)o(t)685 647 y(~)673
658 y Fg(X)h Fo(=)d(\()800 647 y(~)788 658 y Fg(X)822
664 y Ff(i)836 658 y Fo(\))852 664 y Ff(i<)p Fk(16)941
658 y Fo(i)q(s)g(d)o(e\014n)o(e)q(d)i(b)o(y)e(s)q(et)n(t)o(in)o(g)1336
647 y(~)1324 658 y Fg(X)1358 664 y Ff(i)1387 658 y Fo(=)f
Fg(X)1467 664 y Ff(i)1497 658 y Fo(\()p Fg(i)h(<)f Fo(16)p
Fg(;)7 b(i)14 b Fd(6)p Fo(=)h(14\))340 707 y(an)o(d)432
697 y(~)420 707 y Fg(X)454 713 y Fk(14)501 707 y Fo(=)d
Fg(X)579 713 y Fk(14)624 707 y Fo(+)d(2)686 692 y Fk(9)705
707 y Fo(.)k(Th)o(en)h(w)o(e)g(h)o(a)o(v)o(e)g(a)f(colli)q(s)q(ion,)e
(i.e.)625 793 y Fc(MD5-comp)o(re)q(ss)n Fo(\()p Fg(I)s(V)f
Fo(;)d Fg(X)s Fo(\))12 b(=)g Fc(MD5-comp)o(re)q(ss)n
Fo(\()p Fg(I)s(V)e Fo(;)1444 782 y(~)1432 793 y Fg(X)s
Fo(\))p Fg(;)340 878 y Fo(an)o(d)k(t)n(hi)q(s)g(common)d(compre)q(ss)k
(v)n(alue)e(i)q(s)587 963 y Fe(0xBF90E670)f(0x752AF92B)f(0x9CE4E3E1)h
(0xB12CF8DE)n Fg(:)340 1048 y Fo(Th)o(e)j(compu)o(t)o(a)o(t)o(ion)d(of)
h(su)o(c)o(h)i(a)e(colli)q(s)q(ion)e(t)o(ak)o(e)q(s)k(a)o(b)q(ou)o(t)f
(10)f(h)o(ours)h(on)g(a)g(P)o(en)o(t)o(iu)o(m)e(PC.)340
1183 y Fb(Reference)r(s)340 1278 y Fn(1.)21 b(FIPS)13
b(180-1,)d Fa(Se)n(cur)n(e)f(hash)g(standar)n(d,)e Fn(NIST,)i(US)g
(Depart)o(m)o(en)o(t)i(of)e(Comm)o(erce,)h(W)m(ashin)o(gt)o(on)391
1324 y(D.C.,)i(A)n(pr)q(il)i(1995.)340 1370 y(2.)21 b(RIPE)10
b(Consort)o(iu)o(m,)h Fa(R)o(ip)n(e)f(Inte)n(grity)e(Primitives)h({)i
(Final)e(r)n(ep)n(ort)h(of)g(RA)o(CE)h(Inte)n(grity)d(Prim-)391
1415 y(itives)k(Evaluation)f(\(R1040\))p Fn(,)f(LNCS)i(1007,)i(Spr)q
(in)o(ger-V)m(erlag,)h(1995.)340 1461 y(3.)21 b(B.)15
b(d)o(en)i(Bo)q(er,)f(A.)f(Boss)q(elaers,)j Fa(Col)r(lisions)13
b(for)j(the)f(c)n(ompr)n(ession)f(function)g(of)h(MD5)p
Fn(,)g(Ad-)391 1507 y(v)n(ance)q(s)g(in)h(Crypt)o(ology)m(,)f(Pro)q(c.)
g(Euro)q(crypt'93,)g(LNCS)e(765,)h(T.)e(Helle)q(s)q(et)n(h,)k(Ed.,)e
(Spr)q(in)o(ger-)391 1552 y(V)m(erlag,)f(1994,)h(p)o(p.)e(293{304.)340
1598 y(4.)21 b(H.)f(Dobb)q(ert)o(in,)i Fa(RIPEMD)f(with)f(two-r)n(ound)
f(c)n(ompr)n(ess)g(function)f(is)j(not)e(c)n(ol)r(lision-fr)n(e)n(e)p
Fn(,)391 1644 y(Jour)q(n)o(al)14 b(of)f(Crypt)o(ology)m(,)h(t)o(o)f(ap)
o(p)q(ear.)340 1689 y(5.)21 b(H.)d(Dobb)q(ert)o(in,)h
Fa(Cryptanalysis)d(of)i(MD4)p Fn(,)g(F)m(ast)g(Soft)o(w)o(are)g
(Encrypt)o(ion,)i(LNCS)13 b(1039,)18 b(D.)391 1735 y(Gollm)o(ann,)d
(Ed.,)d(Spr)q(in)o(ger-V)m(erlag,)k(1996,)d(p)o(p.)g(53{69.)340
1781 y(6.)21 b(H.)c(Dobb)q(ert)o(in,)h(A.)f(Boss)q(elaers,)i(an)o(d)f
(B.)f(Pren)o(eel:)h Fa(RIPEMD-160:)e(A)h(str)n(engthene)n(d)d(ver-)391
1826 y(sion)e(of)g(RIPEMD)p Fn(,)g(F)m(ast)g(Soft)o(w)o(are)g(Encrypt)o
(ion,)i(Cam)n(br)q(idge)f(W)m(orksh)o(o)o(p,)g(LNCS)f(1039,)g(D.)391
1872 y(Gollm)o(ann,)j(Ed.,)d(Spr)q(in)o(ger-V)m(erlag,)k(1996,)d(p)o
(p.)g(71-82.)1209 1856 y Fj(2)340 1918 y Fn(7.)21 b(R.)13
b(Riv)o(e)q(st,)h Fa(The)f(MD5)h(message)e(digest)g(algorithm)p
Fn(,)e(RF)o(C)j(1321,)g(A)n(pr)q(il)h(1992.)340 1963
y(8.)21 b(M.)13 b(Robsh)o(aw,)i Fa(On)f(pseudo-c)n(o)o(l)r(lis)o(ion)o
(s)d(in)j(MD5)p Fn(,)f(T)m(ec)o(hnical)h(Rep)q(ort)h(TR-102,)e(v)o(ers)
q(ion)i(1.1,)391 2009 y(RSA)e(La)o(b)q(ora)o(t)o(or)q(ie)q(s,)i(July)f
(1994.)p 340 2343 237 2 v 349 2370 a Fj(2)379 2386 y
Fn(Thi)q(s)d(\014rst)h(pu)n(blica)o(t)o(ion)i(st)o(ill)f(con)o(t)o
(ains)g(som)o(e)e(bugs.)h(Th)o(e)f(correct)o(e)q(d)g(v)o(ers)q(ion)i
(can)e(b)q(e)g(obt)o(ain)o(e)q(d)379 2432 y(u)o(n)o(d)o(er)k
Fm(ftp.esat.)o(ku)o(leu)o(ve)o(n.a)o(c.)o(be)10 b Fn(in)j(t)n(h)o(e)h
(direct)o(ory)h Fm(/pub/COSI)o(C/)o(bos)o(se)o(lae)o(/ri)o(pe)o(md/)o
Fn(.)1050 2556 y Fo(2)p eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF
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