Pardon me for intruding. I am putting the finishing touches on a book about VPNs for Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Can someone explain to me the difference between IKE and ISAKMP/Oakley? I was under the impression they performed essentially the same tasks. Thanks in advance. Dennis Fowler P. O. Box 70 Mill Creek Rd. Fire #315 Otego, NY 13825 (607) 432-2012 dfowler@catskill.net